Apostle of Doom

The witnesses

The Jewish followers of ʿĪsā who refused Paul, the Muslim scholars who named him, and a letter from one who once defended him.

  1. The early church

    The first witnesses against Paul

    The first to reject Paul were followers of ʿĪsā ibn Maryam who kept his law. Their own opponents in the church recorded their testimony.

  2. The Islamic tradition

    No prophet between me and ʿĪsā ibn Maryam

    Muslim scholars named Paul as the corrupter of the religion of ʿĪsā ibn Maryam a thousand years before Western criticism reached the same place.

    Part 1 of 3

  3. The Islamic tradition

    The early Islamic record

    Sayf ibn ʿUmar, al-Qummī, Ibn ʿAsākir, Khushaysh ibn Aṣram, al-Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār, Ibn Taymiyyah and al-Shahrastānī, with the Arabic texts.

    Part 2 of 3

  4. The Islamic tradition

    From Ibn Ḥazm to Isma’il R. al Faruqi

    Ibn Ḥazm, al-Thaʿlabī, Reza Aslan, al-Attas, Isma'il R. al Faruqi and Shabbir Akhtar: the Islamic verdict from the eleventh century to the present.

    Part 3 of 3

  5. Testimony

    An epistle to the churches of Paul

    A letter in Paul's own form, written by one who once defended him, to those who still do.